Few Women Know Uterine Fibroid Risk, Treatment Options

Most women (72%) are not aware they are at risk for developing uterine fibroids, though up to 77% of women will develop them in their lifetime, results of a new survey indicate.

Data from The Harris Poll, conducted on behalf of the Society of Interventional Radiology, also found that 17% of women mistakenly think a hysterectomy is the only treatment option, including more than one in four women (27%) who are between the ages of 18 and 34. Results were shared in a press release. The survey included 1122 US women, some who have been diagnosed with uterine fibroids.

Fibroids may not cause symptoms for some, but some women may have heavy, prolonged, debilitating bleeding. Some women experience pelvic pain, a diminished sex life, and declining energy. However, the growths do not spread to other body regions and typically are not dangerous.

Hysterectomy Is Only One Option

Among the women in the survey who had been diagnosed with fibroids, 53% were presented the option of hysterectomy and 20% were told about other, less invasive options, including over-the-counter NSAIDs (19%); uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) (17%); oral contraceptives (17%); and endometrial ablation (17%).

“Women need to be informed about the complete range of options available for treating their uterine fibroids, not just the surgical options as is most commonly done by gynecologists,” John C. Lipman, MD, founder and medical director of the Atlanta Fibroid Center in Smyrna, Georgia, said in the press release.

The survey also found that:

• More than half of women ages 18-34 (56%) and women ages 35-44 (51%) were either not familiar with uterine fibroids or never heard of them. 
• Awareness was particularly low among Hispanic women, as 50% of Hispanic women say they’ve never heard of or aren’t familiar with the condition, compared with 37% of Black women who answered that way. 
• More than one third (36%) of Black women and 22% of Hispanic women mistakenly think they are not at risk for developing fibroids, yet research has shown that uterine fibroids are three times more common in Black women and two times more common in Hispanic women than in White women. 

For this study, the full sample data is accurate to within +/– 3.2 percentage points using a 95% confidence level. The data are part of the report “The Fibroid Fix: What Women Need to Know,” published on July 9 by the Society of Interventional Radiology.

Linda Fan, MD, chief of gynecology at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, said she is not surprised by those numbers. She says many patients are referred to her department who have not been given the full array of medical options for their fibroids or have not had thorough discussions with their providers, such as whether they want to preserve their fertility, or how they feel about an incision, undergoing anesthesia, or having their uterus removed.

Sometimes the hysterectomy choice is clear, she said — for instance, if there are indications of the rare cancer leiomyosarcoma, or if a postmenopausal woman has rapid growth of fibroids or heavy bleeding. Fibroids should not start growing after menopause, she said.

Additional options include radiofrequency ablation, performed while a patient is under anesthesia, by laparoscopy or hysteroscopy. The procedure uses ultrasound to watch a probe as it shrinks the fibroids with heat.

Currently, if a woman wants large fibroids removed and wants to keep her fertility options open, Dr Fan says, myomectomy or medication are best “because we have the most information or data on (those options).”

When treating patients who don’t prioritize fertility, she said, UFE is a good option that doesn’t need incisions or anesthesia. But patients sometimes require a lot of pain medication afterward, Dr Fan said. With radiofrequency ablation, specifically the Acessa and Sonata procedures, she said, “patients don’t experience a lot of pain after the procedure because the shrinking happens when they’re asleep under anesthesia.”

Uterine Fibroid Embolization a Nonsurgical Option

The report describes how UFE works but the Harris Poll showed that 60% of women who have heard of UFE did not hear about it first from a healthcare provider.

“UFE is a nonsurgical treatment, performed by interventional radiologists, that has been proven to significantly reduce heavy menstrual bleeding, relieve uterine pain, and improve energy levels,” the authors write. “Through a tiny incision in the wrist or thigh, a catheter is guided via imaging to the vessels leading to the fibroids. Through this catheter, small clear particles are injected to block the blood flow leading to the fibroids causing them to shrink and disappear.”

After UFE, most women leave the hospital the day of or the day after treatment, according to the report authors, who add that many patients also report they can resume normal activity in about 2 weeks, more quickly than with surgical treatments.

In some cases, watchful waiting will be the best option, the report notes, and that may require repeated checkups and scans.

Dr Lipman is an adviser on The Fibroid Fix report.

This article originally appeared on MDedge.com, part of the Medscape Professional Network.