Isatuximab Quadruplet Approval Could Change MM Landscape

RIO DE JANEIRO — Adding isatuximab, or Isa (Sarclisa, Sanofi-Aventis), to bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRd) for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed, transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma reduced the risk for disease progression or death by more than 40% vs VRd alone in the randomized, global, open-label, phase 3 IMROZ trial.

The findings, presented on September 26 at the annual meeting of the International Myeloma Society (IMS) 2024, support the four-drug combination known as Isa-VRd as a potential new standard of care (SOC) supplanting VRd alone as the SOC in this setting, according to Meletios Dimopoulos, MD, of the University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

The IMROZ findings — the first from a phase 3 study of an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody given in combination with VRd — were also reported in May at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and published simultaneously in The New England Journal of Medicine. 

“The significant progression-free benefit observed with Sarclisa with combination therapy compared to VRd is important and encouraging for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma,” first author Thierry Facon, MD, told Medscape Medical News at ASCO.

Thierry, of the University of Lille, Lille, and the French Academy of Medicine, Paris, France, added that Isa-VRd has the potential as “a first-in-class combination to address gaps in care for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma transplant-ineligible patients.”

Isatuximab in combination with VRd was subsequently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for this indication, as reported on September 23 by Medscape Medical News.

So, what will this quadruplet mean for the treatment of multiple myeloma? IMROZ study co-authors Meral Beksac, MD, of Istinye University, Istanbul, and Liv Hospital Ankara, Turkey, and Mohamad Mohty, MD, of Sorbonne University, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France, provided some insights in a recent interview, telling the European Medical Journal (EMJ) Hematology that Isa-VRd is a “welcome addition” to the multiple myeloma armamentarium.

Should Isa-VRd Be Considered the New First-Choice Frontline Treatment for Transplant-Ineligible Patients?

“The short answer is yes,” Mohty told EMJ. “Based on this trial, quadruplet should become the preferred regimen in the population of patients represented by these inclusion criteria.”

Beksac agreed that Isa-VRd will play a role in frontline management for transplant-ineligible patients.

However, both noted that despite having a favorable safety profile similar to VRd, Isa-VRd may not be well tolerated in elderly and frail patients. Demonstrably frail patients were excluded from IMROZ, and this is a factor that should be considered in the practice setting, they agreed.

Will Isa-VRd Change How Patients Are Evaluated for Transplant Eligibility?

“The cutoff for transplant eligibility differs from one country to another, and today, we do not have consensus around an agreed-upon age limit,” Beksac said. “We further rely on frailty and the patient’s performance status, not only at diagnosis but at later stages as well.”

She also noted that “[t]he introduction of very effective systemic regimens with similar efficacy to [hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)] has seen a shift towards non-transplant regimens, particularly in the USA.”

“In many centers in Europe, these patients [in IMROZ] would be considered transplant eligible. Hence, for this group of patients who are not too old, but not too young, and fit, IMROZ is offering a non-transplant-based treatment with similar efficacy to what can be achieved with HSCT,” Mohty added.

Patient preference and access are also important considerations, as is cost, he noted.

Younger transplant-eligible patients may prefer transplant over continuous treatment for life, whereas some might prefer long-term treatment over a stem cell protocol that will require months off of work, he and Beksac explained.

“Based on this trial, we will likely see a decline in the number of transplants,” Mohty predicted. “With the IMROZ data, we have something valid that we can offer patients without any prejudice to their outcome.”

How Will This Combination Be Integrated Into Daily Clinical Practice?

“My interpretation would be that this protocol will be conceived as an applicable protocol that can be adapted to our daily practice,” Beksac said.

Mohty added that the multiple myeloma story is changing and evolving.

“It’s not transplant versus no transplant, it’s who is going to receive quadruplet and who’s going to receive less than a quadruplet, who is fit and who is unfit,” he explained, adding that physicians will likely adapt the Isa-VRd regimen for real-world use based on clinical judgment.

For example, the quadruplet may be combined “in a kind of VRd-light version to start with, and maybe we can adapt later depending on the tolerability of the patient,” Beksac added.

“Until recently, we thought that transplant is the gold standard for everybody whenever possible. Now, we have a more nuanced answer, offering a regimen that actually is as effective, and may even be better, than transplant,” Mohty said. “So, it’s a most welcome addition to what we do.”

Both the IMROZ study and the EMJ article were funded by Sanofi.

Dimopoulos reported ties with Amgen, BeiGene, BMS, Janssen, Sanofi, and Takeda. Beksac disclosed relationships with Amgen, BMS, GSK, Janssen, Sanofi, and Takeda. Mohty reported ties with Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, Astellas Pharma, BMS, GSK, Janssen-Cilag, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, and others.

Sharon Worcester, MA, is an award-winning medical journalist based in Birmingham, Alabama, writing for Medscape Medical News, MDedge, and other affiliate sites. She currently covers oncology, but she has also written on a variety of other medical specialties and healthcare topics. She can be reached atsworcester@mdedge.com or on X@SW_MedReporter.